No, you can not have multiple 'Camera Uploads' folders for multiple devices. Simply because your Dropbox is a single account and it acts as the main storage (repository) for all your photos, videos, documents and other files. The camera uploads feature adds all of the photos from your connected device(s) to the same Camera Uploads folder.
You can, however, manually add photos and videos to any location with your Dropbox account. You can also move files from the Camera Uploads folder into other folders later.